New Frontiers in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

[harryx1]

I don't have access to the article but I think they discuss Afrezza but not sure to what extent...

New Frontiers in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550413119306242

[agedhippie]

 They talk about the ultra rapid acting insulins and say this about Afrezza (this is the only mention):

"For instance, insulin human inhalation powder
 (Afrezza, MannKind) was approved for use in adults with T1D in
 2014, has an extremely rapid onset of action and elimination,
 and may be ideal for patients with a phobia to needles, tendency
 for initial postprandial hyperglycemia, or tendency to stack insulin
 doses (FDA prescribing information for Afrezza, 2014)."

They then go on to talk about Fiasp and injectables because;

"Fast acting injectable insulins are ideal for use with CSII and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) that allow for minute-to-minute
 insulin titrations, especially with artificial pancreas algorithms"

And that is the path they proceed down. The key is automatic real time adjustment of doses to maintain TIR. They then go on to discuss non-insulin treatments mostly focused on how to suppress glucagon.

The paper is really a survey paper of the newer options for treatment.