Patent, biologically active agents

[mssciguy]

TECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates to compositions for delivering active agents, and particularly biologically active agents. Disclosed embodiments are in the field of chemical synthesis and more particularly are related to improved synthetic methods for the preparation of substituted diketopiperazines.BACKGROUNDDrug delivery is a persistent problem in the administration of active agents to patients. Conventional means for delivering active agents are often severely limited by biological, chemical, and physical barriers. Typically, these barriers are imposed by the environment through which delivery occurs, the environment of the target for delivery, or the target itself.Biologically active agents are particularly vulnerable to such barriers. For example in the delivery to humans of pharmacological and therapeutic agents, barriers are imposed by the body. Examples of physical barriers are the skin and various organ membranes that must be traversed before reaching a target. Chemical barriers include, but are not limited to, pH variations, lipid bi-layers, and degrading enzymes.

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www.freshpatents.com/-dt20160623ptan20160175079.php

Insufflation apparatus and methods

An insufflation apparatus and methods for using same are disclosed. The apparatus is equipped with an interactive system for administering reproducible intratracheal aerosols in a consistent automated manner. The insufflation system is useful, in particular for use with experimental animals, including mice and rats and also for treating small animals via the pulmonary route in veterinary medicinal practice.

Examples of drugs for lung delivery include, vasodilators, surfactants, chemotherapeutic agents, or vaccines for flu, or other respiratory illnesses for the treatment of diseases, including, asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary infections. Pulmonary administration enables rapid treatment of these chronic and acute conditions. Drug formulations for treating pulmonary diseases such as asthma are available by several methods, including, using nebulizers such as treatment with PULMOZYME®, using metered-dose inhalers such as SYMBICORT®, and dry powder inhalers such as ADVAIR DISKUS®, PULMICORT FLEXHALER®. Other types of treatments, including biologics such as nucleotides drugs in genetic therapy have been delivered to the lungs, for example, for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis, where retroviral vectors expressing an effective adenosine deaminase are administered to the lungs.



Currently, formulations for treating systemic disease using biologic products are available primarily through injectable compositions. Dry powder compositions for pulmonary inhalation and systemic delivery of insulin have been used, including EXUBERA®, and AFREZZA®.